<hi rend="italic">Antiphonarium</hi>, a composite of several
manuscripts written for use in the church province of Uppsala
(diocese of Turku?)On fols.
180r–184v there are (as in [Turku,
Provincial Archives of Turku, Turku Archdiocese Cathedral Chapter,
Gummerus-collection, I.3]) responsories for Holy Week which refer to
‘brothers’ (fratres) alternating with the ‘choir’ (chorus), indicating that their exemplar followed regular
rather than secular liturgy.
Part III contains the offices for St Olav (fols. 23v–28r) and
Helen of Skövde
(28r–32r); part I contains the office for St
Erik (fols.
3v–6v). Thus, at least these parts were copied for
use somewhere in the church province of Uppsala. A closer localization does not
appear possible, as the parts of the sanctorale that could have contained either
of the feasts of St Henry, for instance, are
missing. It is, however, likely that all of the parts were copied for use in the
diocese of Turku.
I: fols. 1–6.
Only the upper left-hand corner of fol. 1 survives; the only text legible is on the
recto-side, ‘[alle]luya [ ... ] all[leluya]’
Fols. 2r–6v, proprium de
sanctis, from the feast of the discovery of the Holy Cross (defective) to the
feast of St Erik.
[2r] |et dominum. Allelya, a, a, Allelelya, salue sancta crux ...
[6v] ... pupillo tu eris adiutor.
Pt. II: fols. 7–18.
Fols. 7r–18r, proprium de
sanctis, from the feast of St John the
Baptist to the feast of SS Peter and
Paul.
[7r]
S. Iohannis Baptiste (saec.
XVI). Ingresso Zacharie templum domini ... [18r] non sunt
separati. Euouae. (in a later hand:) et agnum[?].
Fol. 18v originally blank, now with Marian prayers.
[18v] Deus qui beate marie virginis concepcionem angelico vaticinio
... frequentatione veneramur. Per [dominum nostrum ... ] Concede quesumus piissime
deus nos beatissime marie ... deuotione veneramur. Per. Deus omnipotens deus verus
nobis beate dei genetricis ... sollempnitate letificas. Per. Maria virgo regia ex
stirpe ... Gloria tibi domine. Maria mater domini ... Gloria tibi domine. (In
another hand:) Gloriamus [?] omnes ... Ave maria gratia plena ... in hora
mortis.
Pt. III: fols. 19–117.
Fols. 19r–42v, proprium de
sanctis (mostly), from the feast of Mary
Magdalene to the feast of St Olav;
then offices for St Helen of Skövde, the
Annunciation, the Ascension, and the Conception of the Virgin.
[19r]
Die Mariae Magdalene (in a hand of saec. XVI). Recumbente ihesu in domo pharisei ...
[23v] ... ... salute omniumque populorum. Hystoria de sancto Olauo (in the upper margin; another title here in the
outer margin: de sancto olauo). Sancte martir domini Olaue
... [28r] ... ad pacem qui exsuperat omnem sensum. De sancta Elena. [S]alue decus patrie ... [32r] ... uiuamus
eterna. sic septies[?] [32v]
Die anuntiationis Mariae (in a later hand). Sacerdos noe
gracie ... [38r] ... uerusque sol detegitur. Magnificat. Euouae.
[38v]
Jn uigilia ascensionis ad uesperas (in a later hand). Die Ascensionis Christi (in a still later hand). Ascendens
Christus in altum ... [41r] ... spiritum ueritatis, Alleluia,
Magnificat, Euouae. Sequentia de concepcione beate Marie
uirginis. Dies festa celebretur ... [42v] ... partu salutari
tua sistit gratia. Amen.
Fols. 43r–117v, proprium de
sanctis (mostly), office for St Augustine,
then from the feast of St Lawrence (imperf.) to
All Saints, the feast of St Martin (imperf.), and
from the feast of St Katherine (imperf.) to the
feast of St Andrew (imperf.), Christmas (imperf.),
the feast of St Stephen (imperf.), the feast of St
John the Evangelist, and the feast of the Holy
Innocents (imperf.).
[43r] [L]etare mater nostra iherusalem ... [50v] de
reliqua. Magnificat. Euouae. De sancto laurencio. Laurencius
bonum opus ... Quo pr[gredieris sine] filio pater | [51r] |em
probasti experire ... [73v] ... laudant angeli cum cherubim.
[74r] | miserere quos deseruis ... Die sancti
Martini (in a later hand) [H]ic est martinus electus dei ... sepulchri ymnis
canora celes| [78r] tui sancto speruit. virgo flagellatur ...
[80v] ... et andream et uocauit | [81r] |batur ut
crucifigerent eum ... [97v] beati qui non uiderunt et crediredunt.
Alleluya. Benedictus. Euouae. Hystoria de natiuitate ihesu
Christo (erased or worn, replaced, saec. XVI–XVII:) Historia in die Nativitatis. [98r] | tamquam sponsum de
thalamo suo ... hominibus bone uoluntatis. (Added with notes:) Hodie.
[104r] | suo dedit primus beatus uir ... [109v] ...
et introiuit beatus homo. [110r] | Jhesu recumbens ewangelii ...
[116r] ... stolaque glorie induxit eum. Ambulabunt mecum in albis
... [117v] ... et pluet super |
Pt. IV: fols. 118–143.
Fols. 118r–121v, proprium de
sanctis, office for the feast of the Holy Innocents (continued from pt.
III).
[118r] pectoris laqueas ignem ... [121v] ... dicunt
semper Gloria tibi domine. Magnificat. Euouae.
Fols. 122r–143v, Holy Week office of the Cross, and
offices for Holy Saturday, Pentecost and conceptio Mariae.
[122r] [C]ollegerunt pontifices et farisei ... [130r]
... uesperas ut in anthiphonario habetur. Sabbato sancte pasche ad
uesperas super psalmos antiphona. Alleluya. Alleluya. laudate dominum ...
[134r] ... nobiscum dicentes. Quod. In uigilia pentecoste ad
uesperas super psalmos. Veni sancte spiritus reple ... linguarum cunctarum.
[135r] [G]aude mater ecclesia ... [143v] ... qui
fuit yesse|
Pt. V: fols. 144–192.
Fols. 144r–192v, proprium de
tempore, selection of offices from the first Sunday in Lent to the Saturday
before Easter, including responsories for Holy Week.
[144r]
DOMINICA ADVE[N]TV (a later (erroneous) addition) ecce nunc tempus acceptabile ...
[192v] ... qui transitis per uiam.
Occasional corrections and amplifications, e.g. on fol. 156r, in a
hand of saec. XVI, variant verses
added to the hymn Media vita in morte sumus: ‘2. Noli
claudere aures ... ne tradas nos’. There are erroneous later rubrics, written in
versals in what resembles a red pencil or crayon, on fols. 144r,
149v and 155v: they indicate that the texts are for
Sundays in Advent, while in fact they are for Sundays in Lent.
Paper
192 folios.
14,5
21
Fols. 1r–6v: 10–10,5 × 15,5–16; fols.
7r–18v: 11,5–12 × 16–16,5; fols.
19r–42r: 11,5–12 × 16–17,5; fols.
42v–117v: 11–11,5 × 14,5–15; fols.
118r–121v: 11–12 × 15–17,5; fols.
144r–192v: 10–10,5 × 15–17
Modern foliation in pencil in the upper right-hand corners of recto-sides
(the foliation includes the surviving corner of the originally third folio of the
book).
(IV–2)6; (VII–2)18; 2VI42 + IV50
+ (IV–1)57 + 2IV73 +
(IV–4)77 + (IV–4)81
+2IV97 + (IV–2)103 +
(IV–2)109 + IV117;
II121 + IV129 +
(X–6)143; 3VI179 +
(VII–1)192
Pt. III was given catchwords; they are extant on fols. 57v, 65v, 81v,
89v and 117v.
The book is a collection of distinct parts, some of which may be
fragments of once more extensive manuscripts. The first folio of pt. II (fol.
8r), is dirty in a way to show it was once an outside leaf (suggesting that the
entire quire might have been loose and unbound for some time before coming into
its present context).
After fol. 117 a binio-quire has been added and a
younger hand completed the office for the Holy Innocents; fols. 118–121 should
be seen as distinct from pt. III and belonging to pt. IV, where the same hand is
active (see e.g. fol. 129v); pt. IV is otherwise primarily distinguished through
its irregular structure in comparison with pt. III. Pt. V is written by
different hands to those of the other parts, and a semblance of regular
structure resumes.
The manuscript is in rather poor condition: most of the
leaves are dirty, torn in one way or another, and occasionally water damaged.
Pt. I lacks leaves at the beginning; of fol. 1, only the upper left-hand corner
remains; in addition, pts. III and IV are defective, with lacunae between fols.
50 and 51, 73 and 74, 77 and 78, 80 and 81, 97 and 98, 103 and 104, 109 and 110,
and 143 and 144. Leaves have occasionally been repaired, as in pt. III fols. 98
and 99, which were torn and were repaired and rewritten in the 16th century; and
fols. 75r and 78v, which have been patched using another saec. XV(?) paper
manuscript. At the end of the book there are the stubs from five folia.
I. Milveden (1972, 22 n. 78), based on an examination of
the watermarks, dated what he took to be the manuscript’s oldest part, which
includes the textual portion in which he was interested (fols.
28r–32r), to the 1420s. But unfortunately he did not specify the
evidence or develop the argument, and it has not been possible to confirm or
deny his findings for the present description.
Fols. 1r–6v: text and notation on nine lines;
fols. 7r–18v: text and notation on eight lines;
fols. 19r–42r: text and notation on eight to ten
lines; fols. 42v–117v: text and notation on seven to
eight lines; fols. 118r–121v: text and notation on
eight to nine lines; fols. 122r–143v: 11 × 16, text and notation on seven lines;
fols. 144r–192v: text and notation on six to nine
lines; ruled in ink.
Several different hands of saec.
XV (see already the first 33 folia: hand I, fols.
1r–6v; II, 7r–14v;
III, 15r–18v; IV,
19r–23r, 24v–33r; and
V, 23v–24r) writing varieties of Gothic Cursive and
Hybrida (fols. 139v–143v).
Based on the appearance of the script, it would seem possible that pts. I and V are
later than the other parts, and that pt. II might be the oldest, with pts. III and
IV following it in that order.
Decadent square notation on four black lines.
Varies. Fols. 1–6v: simple monochromatic pen-drawn Gothic versals;
fols. 7r–18r: highest-grade initials are lombards
drawn in orangey red, the same crayon-like colour used for rubrication in this
section, and for touching with colour the lower-grade initials, which are simple,
slightly larger cursive letters; fols. 19r–32v: only
lower-grade initials, which are pen-drawn and monochromatic, either slightly larger
cursive letters or very small lombards; fols.
33r–117v: pen-drawn monochromatic Gothic versals, some
with decorative faces, others decorated with diamond shapes and triangular
extrusions, touched with red on fols. 50v–54v,
91v–92r, 93r and
97v–98r, where there are also pen-drawn red lombards
as higher-grade initials; fols. 118r–143v, pen-drawn
monochromatic initials both for the beginnings of sections and for sentences; mostly
Gothic versals, occasionally lombards (e.g. fols. 123, 124v,
126v), the Gothic versals are occasionally decorated with faces
(fols. 129r–136r); fols. 144r–192:
monochromatic pen-drawn Gothic versals decorated with diamond shapes, triangular
extrusions etc.
Rubrication is only occasional, esp. in parts III–V, where many of the rubrics have
been supplied only later.
A full-leather binding of saec.
XV–XVI, dark brown leather on boards with raised bands. The volume has been
closed with a single clasp, which has gone missing. The leather is severely
worn.
Pastedowns are leaves from an
<hi rend="italic">antiphonarium</hi>
of saec. XIV3/3–XV1/3 (written area 14 × 21, the
height of a stave 14mm; the front pastedown, with one half of a quire signature
(‘b’): ‘*** versus. A[diuua] nos deus salutaris ... officium. Exaltabo te domine quoniam ... ’, the back pastedown,
with a half of a quire signature (‘ix’): ‘mira[ ... ]bile in oculis nost[ris] ...
versus. Dominus [regna]uit decorem ... officium ... . parata sedes tua deus ... Ad summam missam
officium. Puer natus est no[bis]’); the latter fragment has the beginning of
the office for Christmas Day.
A composite manuscript made of distinct parts, some of which may be fragments
of more extensive original manuscripts, copied in the fifteenth century in Sweden,
quite possibly in the diocese of Turku, and apparently bound as the present volume
in the middle ages.
Inside the front cover, the shelfmark, in pencil, ‘G.4’.
The insides of both
the back and the front covers carry several non-informative pen-trials in various
cursive hands of saec. XV–XVI.
The book was found in the early twentieth century in the archives of Turku
Cathedral Chapter, which it might have entered c. 1826, after
the chapter’s request that parishes send in older written materials for examination.
These materials were in some cases returned to the parishes (this happened to the
books from Tammela now in the library of Åbo Akademi), but some at least remained
and survived the great fire that destroyed much of the city in 1827 (Schalin 1946, 6
n. 2, cites the circulars of the chapter, no. 237 of 5 November 1828, and no. 264 of
20 June 1833, which indicate that several manuscripts that had been sent to Turku as
requested had not been collected and had become disordered in the fire, and were now
kept in the archbishop’s household).