Turku, Provincial Archives of Turku, Turku Archdiocese Cathedral Chapter, Gummerus-collection, I:6. <hi rend="italic">Marttilan käsikirjoitus</hi> Cataloguer Jesse Keskiaho Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Codices Fennici Creative Commons BY 4.0 Turku Provincial Archives of Turku Turku Archdiocese Cathedral Chapter Gummerus-collection, I:6 Marttilan käsikirjoitus Saec. XVI 3/3 (c. 1596), diocese of Turku (Marttila?) A liturgical collection prepared for Marttila parish c. 1596

Fol. 1r is blank; the upper outer corner of the folio is torn.

Fol. 1v, preface dating the book to Marttila 1596, and the Passion office.

[1v] [Anno] vero Immanuelis currenti 96 supra sesquimillesim[um hic li]ber dedicatus est Ecclesiae Nybyensi. Idque cura Domini pastoris qui etiam a suis Parochianis haud difficulter hoc impetrauit, ut Cantiones pias, quae in piorum Congressibus frequenter Canuntur, quaeque in hoc libro iam Continentur, secum ad usum Ecclesiae disponerent. Libri Itaque hujus abalienatorem, ab aeterno gaudio Deus abalienet. Ephe. 5V19 Ne inebrimini vino ... Audite Reges auribus ... Deo Israel. Jud:5. SANCTVS SANCTVS SANCTVS IEHOVAH EXERCITVVM, plena est omnis terra ... Non vox sed votum ... Siue editis siue bibitis ... inquit Apostolis Corinth. 10.V.31. DE PASSIONE CHRISTI. Te Christe adoramus Domine ... Ad vesperas. De cruce deponitur ... Ad Matutinas. Patris sapientia veritas ... Deo Gratia. O Jhesu Ave spes vnica ... Amen. Adoramus te Christe ... Libera nos Domine Ihesu Christe. Finita oratione (O Domine Jhesu Christe) sequuntur. Mane: Domine labia mea aperies, Et: Deus in adjutorium. per Vesperi: Deus in Adjutorium etc. Gloria patri etc.

Fols. 2r–7v, <hi rend="italic" >hymnarium</hi>; the whole temporal cycle and selected sanctoral hymns, and O Sinä pyhä Hengi tule täytä (Veni Sancte Spiritus reple in a Finnish version similar to that in Mathias Westh’s Codex; Kurvinen 1929, 246 no 11).

[2r] Antiphonae sequentes, cum suis psalmis, dicantur in omnibus sabbatis ad vesperas per Annum, quando de Dominica agitur. Benedictus Dominus Deus meus ... Diebus Dominicis etc. Antiphonae ad vesperas. Dixit Dominus Domino meo ... Versiculi quidam usitationes quo finitis Hymnis ante Altare in Ecclesia Dei Cantabuntur. Vespertina oratio ascendat ad te Domine ... [2v] ... In Adventu Domini, sabbato praecedenti ad vesperas. Conditor alme syderum ... Alius Hymnus ad Matutinas. Verbum supernum prodiens ... Ad Laudes Carmen exhortatorium. Vox clara ecce intonat ... In vigilia nativitatis Domini ad vesperas hymnus petitorius. Veni redemptor gentium ... [3r] ... In natali Domini ad Matutinam Hymnus. Christe redemtor omnium ... De Nativitate Christi, Hymnus eucharisticus. Chorde natus ex parentis ... [3v] ... Hymnus Encomiasticus qui Canitur ad laudes in Natali Domini. A solis ortus cardine ... Versiculus. Benedictus qui venit ... In Epiphania seu Apparitione Domini Hymnus [4r] HErodes hostis impie ... Hymnus Paschalis Canitur Sabbato Sancto ad Vesperas. Vita sanctorum decus angelorum ... Hymnus Paschalis Eucharisticus ... Ad coenam agni providi ... [4v] ... Aurora lucis rutilat ... Sermone blando angelus ... Versiculus Resurrexit Dominus ... Alius ... Surrexit Dominus vere ... Tertius Surrexit Dominus de sepulchro ... Hymni de Ascensione Domini. Aeterne rex altissime ...Versiculus Eleuata est magnificentia ... Ad Laudes Hymnus. Tu Christe nostrum gaudium ... Versiculus A summo coelo ... Hymnus qui Canitur in pentecoste Christianorum ... Veni creator Spiritus ... [5r] ... Versiculi. Repleti sunt omnes ... Alius Emitte Spiritum tuum ... Alius in laudibus Spiritus paracletus ... Alij Hymni De festo Pentecostes. Beata nobis gaudia ... Jam Christus astra ascenderat ... Jmpleta gaudent viscera ... [5v] ... Hymni Anniversarij veteris Ecclesiae de Sanctis. In Communi Apostolorum et Evangelistarum. De tempore. Exultet coelum laudibus (with two melodies, for ordinary and Paschal season) ... Alius Hymnus. Aeterna Christi munera ... [6r] ... De Sancta et Jndiuidua Trinitate Hymnus. Adesto Sancta Trinitas ... Versiculus. Benedicamus patrem et filium ... Alius Verbo Domini coeli ... Alius Hymnus. O Trinitas Laudabilis ... In Communi plurimum Martyrum Hymnus. Deus tuorum militum ... Martyr Dei non est in usu ultra apud Aboenses. Jn dedicatione Ecclesiae ad vesperas Vigili, Hymnus. Vrbs beata Jherusalem ... [6v] ... Angulare fundamentum lapis Christus missus est ... De sancto Johanne Baptista Hymnus. Vt queant festo celebrare ... [7r] ... Hymnus de S. Petro et Paulo Apostolis. Lux aurea roseo nitore splendida ... [7v] ... Die Omnium Sanctorum Hymnum. Sanctorum omnium inclita gaudia ... Alius Hymnus. Aeterna Christi munera ... Spiritualis Cantilena. Oo sinä Pyhä Hengi tule täytä ... olcon kijtos ijancaikisesta.

Fols. 8r–16v, <hi rend="italic" >tonarium</hi>, with the motet Christus resurgens ex mortuis and Gudhi wari tack och lof.

[8r] Primus tonus sic incipit ... Secundus ... Tertius ... [8v] ... Quartus ... Quintus ... Sextus ... [9r] ... Septimus ... Octauus ... [11r] ... Sequuntur Cantiones piae quarum frequens in Ecclesia Dei per totum Annum usus est. [11v] [V]enite exultemus Domino ... [15v] ... Invitatorium Octavi Toni require de historia Nativitatis. Rom: Cap. VI. Christus resurgens ex mortuis ... Gudhi wari tack och lof Tackom och lofuom Herran. [16r] Versus Beatus Homo, quem tu erudieris Domine. Et de lege tua docueris eum. Invitatiorium Octavi Toni. Venite exultemus Domino ... [16v] ... in secula seculorum Amen.

Fols. 16v–19v, Lutheran <hi rend="italic" >graduale</hi>, with O Jumala sinua me kijtämme (Te Deum in Finnish, after Jacobus Finno; Kurvinen 1929, 256 no. 4); O Jumal sinua kijtäm (rhymed Te Deum in Finnish, after Jacobus Finno; Kurvinen 1929, 256 no. 5); Laetabundus, Alle christne frögde sig (Laetabundus in Swedish), Caicki Christityt iloitca tällä Juhlalla (Laetabundus in Finnish, after Jacobus Finno, Kurvinen 1929, 282 no. 49); Christus on syndynyt neidzyest without notation (Finnish translation of the Swedish Christus är födder aff Jungrw reen; printed in Kurvinen 1929, 410–411); Victimae Paschali laudes, Christus är wpstonden af dödha without notation (Swedish translation of the German Christ ist erstanden von der marter aller; see Kurvinen 1929, 412) and Jesus Christus han är worden (Victimae Paschali laudes in Swedish).

[16v] Canticum laudatorium in quo tota Trinitas laudibus effertur, et Christi praecipua beneficia celebrantur. Oo Jumala sinua me kijtämme ... [17r] ... häpiän ala twlla. Amen. Illud idem figurali nota [17v] O Jumal sinua ... [18r] ... häpiät päällem tuota. Amen. Sequentiae in Natiuitate Domini et duabus diebus sequentibus. Laetabundus exultat fidelis ... [18v] ... ipsum genuit puerperal, Alleluja. Alle Christne frögda sigh ... bewisas kan Alleluja. CAICKI Christitytt iloitca ... [19r] ... ramat sen kyllä osotta. Christus on Syndynyt ... ia cuolemans cautta. Pro graduale Tempore Paschalli Canenda. Victimae Paschali laudes ... [19v] ... victor Rex miserere, Alleluja. Christus är wpstonden ... Herra J allan Stadh, Kyrieleison. Jesus Christus han är worden ... segher öfuer döden. Alleluja.

Fols. 20r–123v, <hi rend="italic" >antiphonarium</hi>, proprium de tempore, whole series (with the feasts of St Stephen, St John the Evangelist, Holy Innocents, Conversio Pauli and Purificatio Mariae).

[20r] Dominica prima Aduentus. Ad Magnificat versiculus. Rorate coeli desuper ... Ecce nomen Domini venit ... [33v] ... habitauit in nobis, Alleluia, Alleluia, Nunc dimittis. In regeneratione Sancti Stephani prothomartyris. Tu principatum tenes ... [37r] ... ad patris dexteram filium uidere. In die Sancti Iohannis Euangelistae Historia ad uesperas. Valde honorandus est ... [40r] ... gloriae induit eum, Alleluja, Alleluja, Alleluja, Magnificat. In festo Innocentium puerorum Historia. Ambulabat mecum in albis ... [42v] ... gloria tibi domine, Magnificat. In die Circumcisionis Domini nostri Jhesu Christi. Qui de terra est ... [48v] ... dicebantur de illo, Magnificat. In conuersione Sancti Pauli Historia. Ad Magnificat. Sancte Paule Apostole ... [52r] ... ad antecessores meos Apostolos. Magnificat. In die purificationis Beatae uirginis Mariae Historia. O admirabile commercium ... [55r] ... et benedixit Deum, Magnificat. Dominica prima post Octauam Epiphaniae. Sabbato preacedentoi ad uesperas Antiphona ad Benedictus et cetera. Peccata mea domine sicut ... [123r] ... Dominica XXV. Illi homines cum signum ... [123v] ... breuiabuntur dies illi. Benedictus Dominus.

Fols. 124r–155v, antiphonarium, proprium de sanctis, with Commune Apostolorum et Evangelistarum, and the feasts of the Annunciation, SS Philip and Jacob, dedicatio ecclesiae, St Henry, St John the Baptist, SS Peter and Paul, Visitatio Mariae, All Saints, St Andrew, St Mary Magdalene, St Jacob, St Lawrence and St Michael the Archangel.

[124r] Historia Communis de festis Apostolorum et Euangelistarum canenda. Estote fortes in bello ... [126v]... tribus Israel dicit dominus. Magnificat. In die Annunciationis Beatae Mariae uirginis Historia. Antiphona super psalmos. Orietur sicut sol ... [129r] ... gloria tibi domine. Alleluia, Magnificat. In festo Philippi Jacobi Historia. Ad vesperas Antiphona ad Magnificat. Filiae Iherusalem uenite ... [130v] ... mansiones multae sunt, Alleluja, Alleluja, Magnificat. In dedicatione temple ad uesperas Responsorium Terribilis est locus iste. Sanctificauit Dominus ... [134r] ... salus a deus facta est. In festo Diui Henrici martyris Historia. Iustorum autem animae ... [135v] ... et accepit palmam. Magnificat. In festo Iohannis Baptistae Historia. Ingresso Zacharia templum ... [138r] ... redemptionem plebis suae. Magnificat. In festo Diui Petri et Pauli Apostolorum Historia. Quem dicunt homines esse ... [141r] ... non sunt separati. Magnificat. In festo uisitationis Mariae. Sacerdos nouae gratiae ... [144r] ... uerusque sol detegitur. Magnificat. In festo omnium sanctorum Historia. O quam gloriosum ... [146v] ... perfrui ualeamus. Magnificat. In die sancti Andreae Apostoli Historia. Unus ex duobus ... [149v] ... qui pependit in te. Magnificat. In festo Mariae Magdalenae Historia. Recumbente Ihesu in domo ... [152v] ... et osculabatur. In festo sancti Iacobi Apostoli ad uesperas. O beate Iacobe ... omniumque populorum. Magnificat. In festo Diui Laurentii Historia. Beatus Laurentius dum ... [154v] ... dedit pauperibus. Magnificat. In festo Michaelis Archangeli Historia Responsorium ad vesperas. Te sanctam Dominum. Dum sacrum mysterium ... [155v] ... contingamus in mente. Alleluja. Magnificat.

Fols. 155v–162v, Lutheran graduale, sequentiarium in Latin; for Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity, Common of the Apostles and dedicatio ecclesiae.

[155v] In die Ascensionis Domini nostri Iesu Christi sequentia. Omnes gentes plaudite ... [162r] ... In die consecrationis et anniversarijs dedicationis sequentia. Rex Salomon fecit templum ... [162v] ... tibi laus et gloria. Amen.

Fols. 163r–165v, Lutheran graduale, creeds: the Apostolic Creed in Swedish and in Finnish (after Jacobus Finno, adapted from Martin Luther’s Wyr gleuben all an eynen Gott; Kurvinen 1929, 270 no. 29); the Nicene Creed in Latin and Swedish; and the Athanasian Creed in Latin.

[163r] Tria illa symbola Christianorum, nempe: Apostolicum, Nicaenum et Athanasium, hic suo iam ordine subsequuntur ... Symbolum Apostolicum. Vij troo vppå ... / Me uskom yhden ... [163v] Symbolum Nicaenum ... Credo in unum Deum ... [164r] Wij troo uppå een Gudh ... [164v] Symbolum Athanasij ... [165r] Quicunque vult saluus esse ... [165v] ... portus additur cum tranquillitate. Amen.

Fols. 165v–169r, Lutheran <hi rend="italic" >graduale</hi>, <hi rend="italic">kyriale</hi> in Swedish, and Ihesus Christus vfrix meille (Victimae paschali laudes in Finnish after Jacobus Finno; Kurvinen 1929, 290 no. 62), Christus nous ylös cuoleman haudhast (after Jacobus Finno; Kurvinen 1929, 290 no. 61, and 411–412), O Gudh wij lofwe tig, o Gudh wij tacke tig (Te Deum in Swedish).

[165v] Kyrieleison tempore Aduentus, Quadragesimae, et festis Apostolorum canendum. Herre förbarma tigh ... [166v] Cantus paschalis prosaicus victimae pascahlis etc. finnonice reddita a M. Iacobo Petri Finnonis. Ihesus Christus ufrix meillä ... [168v] ... Canticum est Eucharisticum et laudatorium, in quo tota Trinitas laudibus effertur. O Gudh wij ... [169r] ... till ewightijdh. Amen.

Fol. 169v has bare staves only.

 Paper 169 + 2 folios. 20,5 32,5 Written area varies: fols. 1v–7v: 15,5 × 28; fols. 8r–169v: 16–16,5 × 25–27,5 Modern foliation in pencil, in the upper right-hand corners of the recto-sides. >(V–3)7 + IV15 + II19 + 7IV75 + III81 + 6IV129 + (IV–3)134 + I136 + III142 + IV150 + 2III164 + I166 + (III–1)169 + 2[a–b] The book is in fairly good condition, with some water damage to the spine (and consequently the inner sides of folia in the front and back of the book) and some fraying to the edges of folia, mainly in the front and back of the book. Fols. 1, 2, 3, 4–7, as well as (whole quires) 135–136, 143–150, 151–156 and 157–164, are loose. Fols. [a–b] are apparently pastedowns or cover fillings (note that Schalin 1946, 44 refers to fol. 1 as the front pastedown); fol. [a] holds leather straps that may have been used to close the volume. Fols. 1v–7v: text and notation in one to three columns, as many as 51 text lines; fols. 8r–169v: text and notation on 13–14 lines; no discernible ruling.

One saec. XVI4/4 hand writing a Gothic hybrida tending strongly towards Humanistic minuscule (probably in imitation of printed typefaces) for Latin and Gothic cursive for Swedish and Finnish

 Decadent square notation on four black lines.

Very spare, with pen-drawn Gothic versals for sentence initials, often decorated with triangular extrusions and diamond shapes (occasionally also lombards, see e.g. fol. 2r, and the large versals with monochromatic decoration on fols. 16r–19r). Otherwise no colour used, but on fols. 8r–9v the pen-drawn initials are coloured red, as also is the lombard opening the section on fol. 8r. Such lombards are occasionally used as the highest-grade initials (fol. 22v), but most of them have been left unexecuted (e.g. fols. 11v–12v, 25r) or have been executed as larger versions of the usual Gothic versals (fols. 13v–14r, 42v; see also fol. 26r with a simple versal). Rubrics distinguished, if at all, only through the use of larger script.

Gummerus (1910, 102) mentions covers made of glued-together paper sheets. These (a number of saec. XVII leaves apparently containing study notes in Latin) are now conserved separately (Gu I:6a).

The manuscript is sewn but the original limp covers are loose. These covers are a parchment bifolium taken from a saec. XV <hi rend="italic">antiphonarium</hi>, showing part of the commune sanctorum (with fragments of commune unius virginis and commune unius confessoris) (23+22 × 32,5, written area 20 × 28, text and square notation on eleven lines, red staves: ‘--- In commune vnius virginis ad vesperas versus --- ... Ad matutinas inuitatorium. --- ... [verso] libido munis preparauit ... tua intende prospere’, back cover: ‘Sint lumbi uestri precinct[i] [...] In laudibus antiphona. Domine quinque talenta tradidisti ... antiphona. Fidelis seruus et prudens ... antiphona. Ecce uere israhelita ... antiphona. Serue bone et fidelis [verso] --- ... ad vigiliam super psalmos responsorium. Dominus qu[i elegit te ipse] ... Ad mag[nificat]’; ruled in ink, red-blue lombards, drawn initials, rubrication).

A liturgical collection copied by one scribe for use in Marttila church c. 1596.

Beyond the dated and localized introduction (fol. 1v, see above), which indicates the book was intended for use in Marttila (also referred to as Nyby), there are no marks to show the book’s later provenance.

The book was probably conserved in Marttila until it came to Turku Cathedral Chapter, possibly in response to the chapter’s request, c. 1826, that parishes in the diocese send in older materials for examination. The materials were in some cases returned to the parishes (this happened to the books from Tammela now in the library of Åbo Akademi), but at least some remained at Turku and survived the great fire that destroyed much of the city in 1827 (Schalin 1946, 6 n. 2, cites the circulars of the chapter, no. 237 of 5 November 1828, and no. 264 of 20 June 1833, which indicate that several manuscripts that had been sent to Turku as requested had not been collected and had become disordered in the fire, and were now kept in the archbishop’s household).

 J. Gummerus, ‘Eräs kirjalöytö Turun tuomiokapitulin arkistosta’, Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran pöytäkirjat 10 (1910), 81–123, here at 102–111. P. J. I. Kurvinen, Suomen virsirunouden alkuvaiheet v:een 1640, Suomalaisen kirjallisuuden seuran toimituksia vol. 180, Helsinki 1929, 33–37. Olav D. Schalin, Kulthistoriska studier till belysande av reformationens genomförande i Finland, vol. 1, Helsingfors 1946, 44–45. I. Taitto, Documenta Gregoriana. Latinalaisen kirkkolaulun lähteitä Suomessa, Helsinki 1992, 431–443. Encoding added