<hi rend="bold">Vöyri, Church Archives, Käsik. I a. Vöyrin antifonarium</hi> Cataloguers Jesse Keskiaho and Ville Walta Finnish Literature Society (SKS) Codices Fennici Creative Commons BY 4.0 Vöyri Church Archives Käsik. I a. Vöyrin antifonarium Saec. XVI 2/3?, diocese of Turku Vöyrin antifonarium

Antiphonarium.

Fols. 1r–3v, 4r–10v, offices for the second and third Sundays in Lent (imperf.) and from the fourth Sunday in Lent (imperf.) to Palm Sunday.

[1r] [sicut harena] maris. Et donet tibi de rore celi benedictionem. Det tibi deus ... [3v] ... audiuit, Manus eius in | [4r] | faciem tuam a peccatis meis ... [7r] ... Dominica in ramis palmarum Sabbato precedente ad uesperas responsorium: Circumdederunt me ... [10v] ... Ceperunt omnes turbe ... et gloria in excelsis.

Fols. 11r–25v, responsories for Holy Week and offices from Easter to the octave of Easter.

[11r] Zelus domus tue comedit me ... [19r] ... Jn die pasce antiphona super psalmum et canticum[?] laudate omnes gentes laudate ad omnes . Vespere autem sabbati ... [26r] ... dominica in octaua pasche sabbato precedente. Cum esset sero die illa ... [25v] ... Crucifixus surrexit a mortuis redemit nos, alleluia, alleluia.

Fols. 26r–38v, offices for Compassio Mariae , the Sundays after Easter (some partly lacking text) and the Sunday after Ascension Day (imperf.); the feast of SS James and Philip, from the second to the tenth Sunday after Pentecost with ferial antiphons (imperf.).

[26r] (a faded and nearly illegible rubric) --- post psalmos laudate pueri dominum . Stabat virgo dolorosa mater christi ... [28v] ... sine fine perfui leticia, alleluia. Magnificat. Dominica secunda post pasce . Hec autem scripta sunt ... Jn primo nocturno [29r] (opens with one line of notation preceded by the initial A but lacking text) Dignus es domine ... [29v] ... de septem angeli (followed by lines with notation and initials but lacking text until) [30v] Ego sum pastor bonus ... [31v] alleluia. Viderunt te aque ... non veniet, alleluia. Magnificat. (Followed by lines with notation and initials but lacking text until) [32r] Jlle me clarificabit ... vobis, alleluia, magnificat. (Followed by lines with notation and initials but lacking text until) [32v] Usque modo non petistis ... amastis et credidistis, alleluia, magnificat. dominica infra octauas ascensionis domini . Cum venerit paraclitus ... mittam vobis spiritum | [33r] Filie iherusalem venite et videte ... Jsti sunt agni novelli ... [34r] mansiones multe sunt, alleluia, alleluia. Magnificat. [34v] [H]omo quidam erat dives ... Cognouerunt omnes a dan usque bers| [35r] [A]scendit ihesus in navem et sedens ... [38v] ... tribue necessaria. Sapientia |

Fols. 39r–107v, offices for Trinity Sunday (imperf.), Corpus Christi, St Eskil, dedicatio ecclesiae , St Henry’s translatio (?), Inventio Crucis , Corona spinea , Ascension Sunday, St Erik, Pentecost and the following weekdays, St John the Baptist, ferial antiphons for the Sundays after Pentecost, SS Peter and Paul, Conversio Pauli , Visitatio Mariae , Patronum regni Sveciae , common of one virgin; St Mary Magdalene, St James, St Olav, St Lawrence.

[39r] | facis mirabilia solus, Et ... Quis deus magnus... [42v] ... laudamus et benedicamus ubi gloria in secula. Magnificat. ystoria de corpore Christi. Antiphona super psalmos. Sacerdos in eternum xpus dominus... [48v] ... nobis pignus datur, alleluia. Magnificat, euouae. Jn festo sancti eskilli episcop us i et martire Hystoria . Eskille flos clericorum ... [53r] ... familie dulce consolator. Magnificat. ( In dedicatione ecclesiae )[S]anctificauit dominus tabernaculum suum ... [53v] ... et descendentes angelos et | [54r] |[por]ta celi, alleluia ... [57v] ... a deo facta est, alleluia, alleluia. Magnificat. Hystoria de sancto Henrico anthiphona super spsalmos [sic] Jn festo sancto Henrico martirj Hystoria antiphona super psalmos (addition in a later hand). Gaudet cetus fidelium henrici natalicium ... [60v] ... per quem triumphauit | [61r] [Inventio Crucis] Crucem sanctam subiit ... [62v] ... hodie laudibus congregatam, alleluia, alleluia, alleluia. Magnificat. Memoria de corona domini antiphona . [G]aude felix mater ecclesia ... [64r] ... vite nobis mercantur pre[c]e [pro premium; followed by four lines of empty staves, then] Ascendens christus in altum ... [65v] ... nos spiritum veritate, alleluia. Hystoria de sancto erico ad vesperas super psalmos . Assunt erici regis ... [67v] ... dei filium, alleluya. Magnificat. Jn die pentecostes ad Vesperas super psalmos anthiphona . Veni sancte spiritus reple ... [71r] ... pro mundi [71v] vita, alleluia, alleluia. Magnificat. Jn festo sancti iohannis baptista . Ingresso zacaria templum ... [74r] ... redemptionem plebis sue. Magnificat. Loquere domine quia ... [77r] ... iudicabimini, dicit dominus. Magnificat [77v] Dij immortales (a later addition; Petri et Pauli). Quem dicunt homines esse ... [81v] ... non sunt separati. Magnificat, euouae. Jn commemoracio sancti pauli vel sauli super psalmos . Laudemus deum nostrum ... [84r] ... in illa die iustus iudex. Benedictus. [84v] (Visitatio Mariae) Sacerdos nove gratie ... [88r] ... verusque [88v] sol detegitur. Magnificat (followed by four lines of staves with notation and initials but no text, then Patronis Sueciae) [I]ocundare mater ecclesia ... [92v] ... sanctorum anime. Magnificat. Jn commune unius virginis . [I]sta est virgo sapiens ... [95v] ... non extinguet in sempiternum. Magnificat. (Maria Magdalenae) Recumbente ihesu in domi ... [99r] Jn diebus illis mulier qui erat in [99v] (with ciuitate peccatrix ... in domo written in a later hand, but otherwise only notation without text, until) Oo beate iacobe omnium corde ore ... [100r] ... salute omniumque populorum. Magnificat. Sancte martir domini olaue ... [103v] ... oculos lumen recepit (followed by staves with notation and initials but lacking text, until) [104v] Beatus laurencius dum in ... [107v] ... in me iniquitas. Benedictus.

Fol. 108r has bare staves only.

Fols. 108v–109r, 110v, antiphons for the 22nd (? assigned to the 21st in the manuscript) Sunday after Pentecost (and one for the following week?), the fourth Sunday in Lent(?) and the fifth Sunday after Pentecost(?).

[108v] Dominica xxi a ad vesperas . Erat quidam regulus cuius ... sanaret filium eius. Benedictus. Cognovit ergo pater quia illa hora ... domus eius tota. Magnificat. Tua est potentia tuum regnum ... in diebus nostris [109r] Cum subleuasset oculos ihesus ... quid esset facturus. [110v] Estote ergo misericordes ... est dicit dominus, Benedictus. Nonne iste est dauid ... in milibus suis.

Fols. 109v–110r are blank but for certain ownership markings, for which see below.

Fols. 111r–113r, office for St Birgitta (imperf.).

[111r] Rosa rorans bonitatem ... [113r] ... vitam demonstrat ei. (Followed by staves with notation and initials. Another hand has continued the text 'Ad finem a principio ... dolor eam transfixit dum', but otherwise the text is missing until the end of the page.)

Fol. 113v, <hi rend="italic">tonarium</hi> (imperf.).

[113v] Primus tonus sic incipit ... Secundus ... Tertius .... Quartus ... Quintus ... Sextus ... S (followed by empty staves).

Fols. 114r–140v, offices for St Martin, All Saints, St Clement, St Katherine, St Cecilia, St Andrew, St Nicholas and St Anna.

[114r] O beatum pontificem ... [117v] ... pium est flere martinum. Benedictus. [118r] O quam gloriosum ... [123r] ... semper perfrui mereamur. Dedisti domine habitaculum ... [125v] ... habitaculum a deo paratum. [126r] Virginis eximie katerine ... [127v] ... non deneges suffragia. [V]irgo gloriosa semper ... [130v] ... induimini arma lucis. Sancte andree apostoli . Unus ex duobus ... [134r] ... pependit in te. Sancti nicolai ad uesperas ... O pastor eterne ... [137r] ... se amabile exbuit (followed by notation and initials without text, until) [137v] ... Quasi stella matutina ... [140v] ... saluetur tuis precibus.

Fols. 141r–166v, a fragment of the office of St Thomas the Apostle, offices for Christmas, St Stephen, St John before the Latin Gate (imperf.), the Octave of Christmas, Epiphany, conversio Pauli ( bis in this codex), Purificatio Mariae (imperf.) and St Sigfrid (imperf.).

[141r] O thome didime ... uiderunt et crediderunt, alleluia. Summis festis ebdomale versus [?] laudate (a saec. XVI addition). Rex pacificus magnificatus ... [146r] Per octavas nativitatis domini ad benedictionem et ad memoriam antiphona. Nesciens mater virgo... [146v] ... dicebantur de illo. (Stephani) Tu principatum tenes in choro ... [150v] ... ad patris dexteram filium uidere. Ad memoria de sancto iohanne antiphona . Valde honorandus est ... [151v] ... dolium missus iohannes | Jn circumcisione domini ad uesperas responsorium Verbum caro . [Q]ui de terra est ... [155r] ... gloria tibi domine. Magnificat. In uigilia epiphanie antiphona . Magi uidentes stellam ... [158v] ... mirram sepulture eius, alleluia. Magnificat. Jn conuersione sancti pauli ad vesperas super psalmos antiphona . Sancte paule apostole ... [162v] ... antecessores meos apostolos. Magnificat. O admirabile commercium ... [164r] ... fructum pomorum suorum. Exaltata[?] (followed by notation and initials without text until) [166r] [S]anctus sigfridus anglie ortus ... [166v] ... eternal gaudia. Magnificat.

There are a number of reformatory changes to the texts of some offices: visitatio Mariae (fols. 85r, 87v), Patronum regni Sveciae (fols. 91r–93r), St Mary Magdalene (fols. 98v–99r), St James (fol. 99v), All Saints (fols. 118r, 122v), St Katherine (fols. 126r–127r).

There are also occasional later additions, and some of the occasionally missing text has been copied in a hand of saec. XVI (e.g. fols. 141r–143r). See also the addition, roughly contemporary with the main text, to the office of St Martin on fol. 115r (‘Sancte trinitatis fidem’, supplied in the margins with notation).

On fol. 109v, in a hand of saec. XVI, Latin phrases: ‘Omnibus est nomen sed non est omnibus omen. Quicquid agit mundus, monachus(?) vult esse secundus’, and in another hand an ownership marking (for which see below) and Ovid, <hi rend="italic">Ex Ponto</hi> 4.3,35–36: ‘Omnia sunt hominum tenui ... quae ualuere ruunt’, followed by an anonymous proverb, ‘O mors, quam dura, quam tristia sunt tua iura. Si mors non esset quam laetus quilibet esset’ (the first sentence matches the first sentence of Walther 1965, no. 19509, while the second sentence is the same as no. 28684a).

On fol. 117v, in a hand of saec. XVI 2 , Ovid, <hi rend="italic">Metamorphoses</hi> 15,234–236: ‘Tempus edax rerum ... consumitis omnia morte’, with analysis, Latin synonyms and translations (Swedish and Finnish) of some words.

There is the torn margin of a page between fols. 67 and 68, containing a fragment in a hand of saec. XVI on its recto-side: ‘ira[?] aut ... eis[?]’.

 Paper 3 + 166 folios 14,520 12-1315-16,5 Modern foliation in the upper margin. 3 + III9 + 1 + III16 + (III–1)21 + IV([IV–1]32 + I34)38 + (VIII–1)53 + (IV–1)60 + (VI–1)71+ VI83 + (VI–2)93 + III99 + (VIII–6)110 + (IV–1)117 + II121 + VI133 + 4IV165 + 1166 Fols. 22–25 and 35–38 form a quaternio which encloses the quires 26–32 and 33–34.

The manuscript is in fair condition for an apparently original binding. There is some fraying to the edges of folia and several leaves have been torn loose; there is also some dirt and staining. Most of the lower half of fols. 109–110 is torn. Fols. 1–3, 54, 94, 99, 150, 157 and 166 are loose, and there are lacunae in the beginning, after fols. 3, 32, 34, 38, 53, 60, 151(?) and 165, and at the end of the book. The quire structure is somewhat irregular, in places suggesting later, roughly contemporary repairs.

Based on an analysis of (at least some of) the watermarks in the codex, I. Milveden (1972, 19 n. 66; cf. Hunter 2005, 8–10) suggests that the codex dates from c. 1535.

 Text and notation on eight to eleven lines, ruled in ink.

Gothic cursive in a few different hands of saec. XVI 2/3. Frequent additions in hands of saec. XVI; occasionally these additions include notation.

 Decadent square notation on four black lines.

Feasts, if their incipit is marked, begin with a large, vaguely lombardic initial; the same type, somewhat larger, is used for the beginning of discrete sections. These initials are variously decorated, sometimes monochromatic and sometimes coloured, sometimes decorated with faces (e.g. fol. 6v), with knots (fols. 99v, 100r), and at other times resembling woodblock prints (fol. 26r); there is also a painted lombard on fol. 64r. On fol. 141r there is a simply drawn monochromatic inhabited initial featuring the Adoration of the Magi before the Virgin and Child. Sentences begin with pen-drawn Gothic versals with varying types of monochromatic decoration. Occasionally colour is used in decorating these initials (green: fols. 4r, 6v–7r, 54r, 56v, 64r; brownish red: fol. 11r, 16v, 20v–21r, 26r, 40r, 43v, 67v, 94r–99v). Overall the style of decoration varies frequently and suggests that the book was composed by several individuals, or by compiling fragments of books of different origins.

There are also occasional doodles, e.g. fols. 13v, 15r, 19r (this one is connected to the initial on the page), 29r (a human figure).

Apparently contemporary binding of uncovered wooden boards, the spine open. The volume has been held closed with leather straps, of which the two attached to the front cover survive. The boards (or at least the inside of the back cover) formerly had a reused parchment pastedown, as can be seen by the offset on the inside of the back cover.

On the front cover, a pasted label with what appears to be a shelfmark, ’75:1’. On the back cover, incised initials(?) N.K.

The watermarks and the handwriting suggest the manuscript was written during the first half of saec. XVI. The challenging date on the front cover could be interpreted to suggest the same thing. The feast for Patroni regni Suecie is first found in Finnish sources in 1500 (Malin 1925, 230). The manuscript was perhaps written in Vöyri where it was kept throughout the 16th century, as shown by the markings on the front cover.

A number of markings inside the front cover:

‘Liber peculiaris Ecclesie Wöro cuius abalienator Anathema et sycophanta sit, scriptum Anno a partu virginis MZZXXX’. Interpretations vary of the peculiar construction of the date (see the discussion in Hunter 2005, 15); but if it is read in the light of the watermark evidence then it could be taken to indicate the year 1530. The same text, apparently in the same hand, is repeated on fol. 109v, without the problematic date.

Other markings: ‘Anno -86 kom Andreas Simon[is] til Wöre Sochn Vdi kongh Johans tienst hos S. Morti Larsson och sidan hos förståndigh Tomas George’. The last-named is the provincial scribe and later bailiff in Österbotten Thomas Göransson (Almquist 1920, 357)

‘[lib]er [Mathias?] Jacobi’. Math. Jacobi Viloides, chaplain in Vöyri 1589–1603 (Leinberg 1903, 235); coat of arms with the letter V, and a sentence in Latin. See also fol. 154v, ‘I. W.’, for either Jacobus Viloides or Johannes Viloides, both priests at Vöyri (Schalin 1946, 14).

Fol. 23r, in a hand of saec. XVI, subsequently struck through but still legible: ‘Huius scripta Quis querit Haluardi bene erit electa, quis scripsit Scriptum sit hoc maledictum.’ Upper margin in a hand of saec. XVI (perhaps the same hand as the one that wrote the inscription inside the front cover naming Thomas Göransson?): ‘Huilkith ärende jagh skotth till the tolff thå I Nemden såtho Michill(?) Bryn Lasse’.

On fol. 25v there is a doodle of a coat of arms and the name ‘Mattzsons’.

On fol. 39r, ‘Henrick Hulttzson(?J gankar[?]’

The manuscript remains in the church archives at Vöyri.

 J. A. Almquist, Den civila lokalförvaltningen i Sverige 1523–1630 med särskild hänsyn till den kamerala indelningen 1–4, Stockholm 1917–1923. Aarno Malin, Der Heiligenkalender Finnlands. Seine Zusammensetzung und Entwicklung (Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran toimituksia 20), Helsingfors 1925. P. Hunter, Ett senmedeltida antifonarium i Vörå kyrkoarkiv , unpublished proseminary essay, Åbo Akademi 2005. Jesse Keskiaho, ”Bortom fragmenten: Handskriftsproduktion och boklig kultur i det medeltida Åbo stift”, Historisk Tidskrift för Finland 93 (2008a), 234. K. G. Leinberg, Åbo stifts herdaminne 1554–1640, Helsingfors 1903. Ingmar Milveden, “Neue Funde zur Brynolphus-Kritik”, Svensk tidskrift för musikforskning 54. (1972), 19 n. 66 Olav Schalin, Kulturhistoriska studier till belysande av reformationens genomförande i Finland , Helsingfors 1946, 13–14. Hans Walther, Proverbia sententiaque Latinitatis medii aevi, vol. 1–6 , Göttingen 1963. Encoding added