Magnus Eriksson’s <hi rend="italic"
>Landslag</hi>. Earlier facsimile in Corpus Codicum
Suecicorum Medii Aevi, vol. I and in Codex Aboensis. It
should be noted that the paper leaves added to this manuscript are not represented in
the former (older) facsimile, and in the latter they appear in an order which does not
represent their actual arrangement.
I: Fols. A–B, 1–10: Pastedowns and later additions.
Fol. Av (originally a pastedown): (fol. Ar has a
paper leaf pasted to it) Notes relating to office holders in Ostrobotnia (saec.
XVI). Ed. Ahlbäck –
Ylönen 1977, 213.
Fol. Bv (originally a pastedown): Provenance information, historical
notes, and notes (saec. XVII)
relating to the laws in Latin and Swedish. Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 213–214.
Fols. 1r–2v: Various court rulings and regulations
(in a hand of saec. XVI).
[1r] (Klas Fleming’s ruling
regarding the use of areas of water in Finland, cf. REA 337) Allom them
thetta breff höra ... en nw huar theth gådz liggia; [1r] (Excerpts
from laws, see Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 204). Huilken som locker och
lægrar ... [2v] ... som j andra kallad vittnessmooll. (fol. 3 is
blank; fol. 4r contains only an erased note; fol. 4v
is blank)
Fols. 5r–7r: Royal confirmations of the laws (in a
hand of saec. XVII). Ed.
Schlyter 1834, 3–6; Schlyter 1838, 1–4; Schlyter
1869, 1–4. Cf. Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 204–205.
[5r–v] Konung Birges stadfestelse öffuer lagen
dateret j Stockholm Anno 1296 (ottunda dagh efter sanchte staffans dagh åm
Juletima). [6r–v] Konung Magnus Erichsons festelse
öffuer Lagen datiret J suderchöping Anno 1327 (S. Laurentze afton)
[7r]
Kong Christoffer af Beierens Stadfestelse öfuer Laghen och
priuilegiernes ... [8r] Datum Stocholmis in Crastino Sanctorum
Philippi et Iacobi apostolorum Anno domini Millesimo quadringentesimo quadragesimo
secundo. (An oath formula) Iuramentum militum. Jak bider mik
swå ... eptir mina betzsta förmogan. (fol. 8v is blank).
Fol. 9r–v: Legalistic quotations from the Bible. Ed. Ahlbäck –
Ylönen 1977, 205–206.
[9r] Wee thenn som för sigh sielfwe ... [9v]
Obekendom manne gifz icke wiidzordh. (fol. 10 is blank).
II:
Calendar and Magnus
Eriksson’s <hi rend="italic">Landslag</hi>
Fol. 1r–6v: A calendar for the Diocese of
Turku (January–December). Edited in Vilkuna 1977b,
44–55.
Fol. 7r–21v:
Upplandslag’s Kyrkobalken. Ed. Schlyter 1834, 8–86.
[7r]
Hær byrias kirkio balker ok tælias j flokar xxii. (Index
1–22) Wm kirkio bygningh ... [8v] A crist skulu alle cristner throæ
... [21v] ... then the fællæ wiliæ Amen. (followed by a short note in
German).
Fol. 22r–120v: Magnus
Eriksson’s
<hi rend="italic">Landslag</hi>. Each chapter
preceded by an index, Ed. Schlyter 1862, 1–371. With the insertion of
<hi rend="italic">Gårdzrätt</hi> after KB (cf. Klemming
1868–1881, 53–57)
[22r] Hær
byrias konugs balker ok tælias y honom flokkar fyræ ok trætighi
etc. (Index 1–34) Wm suerikis konungx rike ... [23r] Eth
konungx Rike som hethir suerike haffuer ... [33r] ... allom konungx
dombruthum. Her byriæs gardz rættir. ærlikæ höffdingæ konungx
magnus (Index, 1–14) Um man slaar annan ... Hwilikin
man een annan slaar j hæl giffwi liiff fore liiff ... [35r] ... (14)
skap och swena ligghia. Her byriæs giffto balkir (Index 1–23)
Huilikinn lundhum man ... [35v] Vil man sik konw bidhiæ ...
[40r] ... (23) ather som werth war. Hær byrias
ærffdha balker ok tælias I honom flokkar twe och tiughu et cetar. Mærk ræth och
læss ey wilt. [40v] (Index, 1–20) Wm
bondhe dör ... [41r]
Aff laghinn skall man wiis wardæ. Hær byrias ærffdha balkin.
Och skal swa j hwarie lagsaghu dømas ... Dör bondhe eller husfrw ...
[45r] ... (22) halffth giffwis for hans siæll Amen. Hær byrias Jordhæ balker och tælias j honom flokar ffyræ och
trætighe (index, 1–34) Huru fæm æra ...
[46r]
Merk wæl ærendhin. j. Fæm ærw lagha fangh ...
[53r] ... (35) iordha ægandhe anladhæ allæn. Hær
byrias bygninghæ balker och tælias j honom flokkar attha och trætiughu
(Index, 1–37) Hurw böndher agæ byggiæ ... [53v]
Dilige deum. Uiliæ bøndher by aff nyo bygghiæ ellir liggir
han ... [74r] ... (38) som skils ji tiwffnædhæ balkenum etc. Köpmala balker (index 1–9) Wm lösöræ köpp ... Köper man aff
andhrum hoffnæt ... [76r] ... (9) standhe aa wizordum sinum eccera. (An added note) [76v]
Thingmala balker (index, 1–44) Hurw lagmadher aghir ...
[77v] Nw skal man lagman wælia ... [84v] ... (39)
han san forfall haffwer eccera [85r]
Edzöre balker (Index, 1–45) Wm nokor gör heemgango ...
[86r] Ridhir man heem ath andhrum ... [94r] ... (46)
Tha skal tingh biwdhæs. Hær byryas høghmælis balker (index,
1–11) Först wm mordh ... [94v] Myrdhir madhir man eller konæ ...
[97r] ... (13) och swæriæ huars sins læsthum etc. draapmala balkir meth wiliæ (index 1–42) Kombir skilnadher ...
[98r] Nw kombir skilnadher mannæ mellan dræpher ...
[104r] ... (42) ænnæn konunghir, tridhiæ hærædhe. Nuncius est missus et non est ille reuersus. Portat quid petit tamen non ille
redit. [104v]
Hær byrias draapmala balker medh wadha och tælias j honom flokkar
nitthan (index, 1–19) Wm man hogghir ... ... [105r] Nw hogger
man ath manne ... [107v] ... (19) och tolff manna edhe etc. Hær byrias saramalæ balker medh wilia ok tælias j honom flokkar
adirthan (index, 1–18) hwrw man skal annæn ...
[108r] Nw wil man annæn til sara ... [111r] ...
(18) huarte konunghir eller karll. Hær byrias Saramalæ balker medh
wadha ok thælias ij honom flokkar Nyo (index, 1–9) hogger man ath androm ...
[111v]
Epther laghom skal man haldhæ. Hoggher man ath andrum och
wardher annar ... [112v] ... (9) siex manna ede.
[113r]
Hær byrias thywa balk (index, 1–37) Wm man stiæl fæ ...
[114r] Stiæl man fææ mans nøth eller ... [120v] ...
marker thet ær konungx eensak.
Fols. 120v–123v:
Upplandslag, Konungsbalk 10–12 (excerpt). Cf.
Schlyter 1834, 94–101.
[120v]
Ledungh. Nw bindher konungher ledungh wth ...
[123v] ... æpther bruthin synom Amen. (Followed by a text on oaths,
in Latin and in Swedish; a few faded annalistic notes; written in a hand of saec. XV) --- Jurat --- tria facit
... in hoc iuramenta. Han(?) som swer opa bokena han göri ... j thessom edhenom.
Anno domini mccclxxxix captus est rex Albertus cum ... (the second note mentioning
Stockholm is almost completely faded).
III: Later additions and pastedowns
Fol. 11r: An oath, in Swedish. Limits for the Ylänne chapel (in a
hand of saec. XVI). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 206.
[11r] Huilkijn some edh swer wppå boken ... edhe betther gioret. Thetta äre roogongh Emillan Ylädheboor och hele härädh som kallas
häradz roor. Försth roor peräuori ... talffkiffui etc.
Fols. 11v–12r: King Gustav’s letter concerning the inhabitation of
Pohjanmaa (Ostrobothnia). Ed.
Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 206–207.
[11r] Wy Gustoff medt gudz nåde ... [12r] ... datum
upsala 6 Junij Anno 1551.
Fol. 12v:
<hi rend="italic">Arbor consanguitatis</hi>
in Swedish (imperf.).
Fol. 13r: The limits between Ala-Satakunta
and Vehmaa. Ed. Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 207.
[13r] Roor emellan Satagund och emellan Abås stift till Norfinneland
y Nedre hared ... perä ierffuen våren. (fols. 13v–14r are blank)
Fols. 14v–17r: On astronomical signs, in Swedish
(saec. XVI). Ed. Ahlbäck
– Ylönen 1977, 207–211
[14v]
Acies wedher. Acies är got blodlathe på ...
[17r] ... thedh er altid gladh gladh och gerne.
Fol. 17v: Borders between Finland and
Russia. Ed. in Ahlbäck – Ylönen 1977, 220.
[17v] Methe inter Finlandiam et ruthenium ... alijs literis
continentur. (fol. 18 is blank)
Fols. 19r–21r: King Magnus
Ladulås’s Stadga. Cf. DS 799.
[19r]
Konungh Magnus Ladulås landzstadgar utskreffne utaf en gammel
Lagbook Anno 1580. Magnus Sueea konunger och Götha ... [21r]
... efter wår herres födelse dagh thusend årom och tuhundrade och ottetio och femthe
arena.
Fols. 21r–21v: A list of those who collected the
<hi rend="italic">Westgötalagen</hi>. Cf. Schlyter 1827,
295–297
[21r] Här hettes napn there Mann ... [21v] ... friloo
barn gange från arffue sino.
Fol. Cr: Various notes in a hand of saec. XVII (fol. Dr is blank). Ed. Ahlbäck –
Ylönen 1977, 221–222.
Parchment
Parchment, 123 folios + 4 parchment pastedowns + 21 paper folios
17
24
11,5
16,5
Modern foliation in ink in the upper right margin of the parchment
section. 21 paper folios added before (1–10) and after (11–21) the main section
have a separate foliation (1–21) in pencil in the lower margin.
2a–b; II4 +
(IV–2)10; III6 +
(V+2)18 + (III–3)21 +
6(IV+2)81 + 4V121 +
(II–2)123; (III–3)13 +
I15 + III21; 2c–d
Catchwords visible in the lower margin of fols. 41v, 51v, 61v, 71v,
81v, 91v, 101v, 111v.
The current binding features the two pastedowns as separate leaves at
the front and two pastedowns as separate leaves at the back. In addition, ten
paper leaves have been introduced at the front of the manuscript and eleven at
the back. The main section has six quires with four bifolia and two singletons
in each (fols. 11, 12, 19–21, 24, 28, 33, 39, 45, 49, 54, 58, 65, 69, 74, 78 are
singletons). The original fol. 6 has been removed and replaced with a
contemporary leaf pasted on to the stub.
Two of the watermarks on added fols. 1–21 have been identified. One is from
Hallstadt 1536 (Briquet 5030) and another from
Leiden 1538 (Briquet 12631) (see Vilkuna 1977a,
12; see also Åström 2013, 174).
The manuscript is in
good condition. The parchment has been thoroughly scraped and is clean. There is
some evidence of moisture damage in the upper margin of the leaves. On some
occasions this has caused some wear to the illuminations.
one column with horizontal and vertical bounding lines; 25–29,
mostly 27, lines of text
One main hand writing a cursive of saec.
XV. Wiktorsson (2004, 290–291) argues the main scribe was
active in the Stockholm region in the 1420s and 1430s and wrote other manuscripts
connected to Bengt Jönsson (Oxenstierna).
The calendar on fols. 1–6 is written in a textualis of saec. XV.
Other contemporary and later hands have made notes in the margins.
According to Walde (1921, 237) there are several additions written by
the Swedish nobleman and book collector Ture
Bielke (1548–1600). There are also various additions written by Bishop
Mikael Agricola (fol. 133v; see
also Walde 1921, 238–241).
Initials are two- to three-line lombards alternating in red and green with
occasional pen-flourishing. At the top of the page, carefully executed initials
extend into the upper margin in red, black and green; they are adorned with
miniatures, including human figures, animals, faces, seasonal and other themes.
Rubrics, running-heads, and highlighting of majuscules are done in red. Paraphs in
red and green.
According to Wiktorsson (1985) the scribe and illuminator are one and
the same person. The style of the illuminations has been associated both with the
church of Tensta and with the Ärentuna
school (Wiktorsson 1985, 36).
Original covers (still in place in 1943) are nowadays removed and stored
separately. They consist of dark brown calf on wooden boards. Simple blind-tooled
decoration (rectangular frames). Remnants of two hook-clasps attached to the edges
of the covers. There are several parchment fragments removed from the covers: One
leaf from a 14th-cent.
missal (containing the
<hi rend="italic">Canon Missae</hi>), presumably once used as a
pastedown. One leaf from a 14th-cent. legal text,
presumably also once used as a pastedown. Several small fragments from the interior
binding and stemming from a 13th-cent. collection
of sermons(?).
The binding has since been completely renovated. The modern binding consists of
white leather over cardboard covers. Three flyleaves have been added at the front
and back of the manuscript during the rebinding process. The parchment pastedowns
(two at front and back) are entered at the beginning and end of the manuscript as
separate leaves.
The main text of the manuscript is Magnus Eriksson’s
<hi rend="italic"
>Landslag</hi>, which is furnished with several skilfully illuminated initials.
The manuscript is written in a careful cursive by one scribe. The illuminations may
have been added by an artist associated with the school responsible for the
paintings in Tensta church (but other schools have also been suggested).A
calendar contains certain feasts pointing towards the diocese of Turku. This, along
with certain features of the illuminations, have prompted scholars to suggest a
Finnish origin (Vilkuna 1977a). But more recently it has been suggested the
manuscript was actually written in Sweden in the 1430s for Bengt Jönsson
(Oxenstierna), (d. 1450) a nobleman and member of the king's council.
The feasts of St Henry (20 January), dedicatio ecclesiae
Aboensis (17 June), and translation of St Henry (18 June) suggest that the
calendar was written for the diocese of Turku. Its writing probably took place at the first half of
saec. XV. However, there are certain additions that point towards
the diocese of Uppsala, and it is possible that the actual writing of the calendar
took place in Sweden (Malin 1925, 107–110).
On fol. 21v a hand of saec. XVI
writes a German note.
Wiktorsson
(2004, 291) suggests that the manuscript was passed down as inherited property and
ended up in Finland in the hands of Anna Hansdotter (Tott) (d. 1549) around the
1520s.
Additional sections were added later on and include some probably
written in the hand of Bishop Mikael Agricola.
The manuscript has two
texts added during saec. XVI (fols. 19r–21v), which are related to another
manuscript ([Stockholm, National Library, B 59]). Beckman (1917, 82–83) suggests that
the two manuscripts were in the same place around the time of the writing (c. 1590) of these segments. The additions written by Ture
Bielke suggest the manuscript was in the possession of the Bielke family, possibly
Hogenskield Bielke, during this time. From the Bielke family, the manuscript was
possibly passed on to the Oxenstierna family and stayed with them at least until the
beginning of saec. XVIII (Wiktorsson (1981, 116) presents a list of possible
owners).
At the end of saec. XVI the manuscript was in the
hands of the Bielke family. A list of possible owners can be followed until 1700
(Wiktorsson 1981, 116). In 1827 the book was donated to Kalmar Gymnasiebibliotek by
J. C. Lindbäck. From Kalmar it was moved to the National Library of Sweden in
1884 (see fol. Bv).