Nimeke
Helsinki, National Library, A.ö.II.55 + A.ö.II.29. 'Graduale Ilmolense'
Kuvaus
A Gradual
Julkaisija
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Aikamääre
1533-1566
Oikeudet
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Formaatti
Paper
Kieli
Latin
Swedish
Identifiointitunnus
Helsinki
National Library
A.ö.II.55 + A.ö.II.29 (fols. [a-f])
National Library
A.ö.II.55 + A.ö.II.29 (fols. [a-f])
Kattavuus
Diocese of Turku
Helsinki, National Library, A.ö.II.55 + A.ö.II.29. 'Graduale Ilmolense'
I:
saec. XVI 2/3 (1540s?)
; II: saec. XVI 2/3 (1550s?)
; III: saec. XVI 2/4 (1530s)
; I–III: diocese of
Turku
A Gradual
I: A.ö.II.29, fols. [a–f] + A.ö.II.55, fols. 1–134.
A.ö.II.29, fols. [a], [e], [d], [c], [b], [f], , from the end of the office for Christmas to the First
Sunday after Epiphany.
proprium de
tempore
[[a]r]
|i nostri iubilate deo ... [[a]v]
... |i
nostri. Dominica infra octauas natalis domini officium
[[e]r]
Dum medium silencium ... [[e]v]
...
querebant animam pueri [[d]r]
In circumcisione domini officium
... [[d]v]
... super te orta est [[c]r]
Alleluya. Versus
.
Vidimus stellam eius ... [[c]v]
... Dominica infra
octauas epyphanie domini officium
. ... omnis terra seruite domino
[[b]r]
in leticia. Gloria ... [[b]v]
... Commune
. Fili quid [[f]r]
fecisti
n[obis;[f]v]
|um et sana[bitur]. Fols. –, , from the end of the office for the Saturday before Passion
Sunday to the 23
proprium de
tempore
rd
Sunday after Trinity. omnes qui diligitis eam ... ... nomini tuo
domine.
Dominica in passione officium
. Iudica me deus et ...
... penitenciam a gente. Dominica
xxiii
. Dicit dominus ego cogito ... ... et fiet
uobis.In die dedicacionis ecclesie
. Terribilis est locus ...
... aperietur, Alleluya, alleluia.Fols. 61v–100r
, proprium de
sanctis
Andrew
(29.11.) to the feast of St Linus
(26.1.).In uigilia andree
. Dominus secus mare galilee uidit ...
... Sancti lini martyris officium
.
Sacerdotes eius. Graduale
. Deus iusti, Alleluia. Versus
. Amauit. Offertorium
. Inueni. Commune
. Domine quinque talenta.Fols. –, . The sanctoral follows the kalendar of the diocese of
7.10.;
13.11., 19.11.,
27.11;
20.11. and
commune
sanctorum
Turku
, with most feasts of at least the grade trium lectionum
(the winter feast of St Henry
on fol. –v and his summer feast on fol.
). However, a number of feasts even of the highest grades are
omitted (e.g. dedicatio ecclesiae aboensis
17.6.; visitatio Mariae
2.7.; festum
reliquiarum
9.9.; Birgitta
Barbara
4.12.) There are
also a number of saints that either only have the grade memoria
in the Turku
kalendar or are completely
foreign to it (Brictii
Elisabethi
Chrisogoni
Edmundi regis
Lini
26.11.) Instead of testifying to an upgrading of these
feasts, their inclusion, because they all occur in the last two weeks of November,
more probably indicates an error or inconsistency of some sort in the copying of the
book (Malin 1925, 131
).Sequitur in uigilia unius apostolic officium
...
... In communi unius uirginis ... ...
Item aliud
... exite obuiam christo domino.Fols. –v,
votive masses
: for the holy spirit, for
the Holy Cross, for the Holy Virgin in Advent.De sancto spiritu officium. Spiritus domini
... De sancta cruce officium
. Nos autem Christus ... In commemoratione beate marie uirginis
. In
aduentu officium
. Rorate. Responsorium. Insole ... ...
in se reconsilians yma summis.’Fols. –, originally only with empty red
staves. Now fols. – contain the beginning of a
small
Lutheran graduale
in Swedish, which continues in part II. Christus är födder aff en iunffru reen ... synen dedg och
puro (without notation). Alle Christene frögda sig ... ...
beuisas kan Alleluija. Christus är upstonden aff dödha ... i allan stadh,
kyrieleison (without notation). [J]esus Christus han är wårdhen ...
... offuer dödhen Alleluija.
II: fols.
135
–140
, a fragment of a Lutheran
graduale
.fols. –, (
Lutheran kyriale
in
Swedish
, with the sanctus
in an interlinear
Finnish translation (fol. 137r). According to Schalin (1946, 10)
the
kyriale
is not dependent on the Swedish of Een liten sångbook
1540s
), but might be an older translation. [H]erre fårbarma tigh offuer oss ...
... Gwdh wari tack och loff, Alleluija Alleluija Alleluija.
Fol. –v, in another hand of
saec.
XVI
, Michael Agricola
’s translation
of the Pentecost sequence Sancti Spiritus assit nobis gratia
in Finnish
(see Kurvinen 1929, 230
); defective at the
end. Kyrieleyson, Christeleyson, Kyrieleyson. Gloria in excelsis
... ... Agnus dei qui tollis peccata mundi. Dona nobis
pacem.
Fols. –,
–, –r,
–r, –r, –r,
–r, –r, –r,
–v;
sequentiarium
. Letabundus exultet fidelis ... ... sic
erunt ordinum distincte. Superne martyris gaudia ...
... Tu agnum regem terre dominatorem
moabitici de petra deserti ... perenni cremer igne inter oues
locum presta ... ... mereamus collocari gloria. Amen.’
Fols. and have blank staves, while on
only the lines for margins have been ruled. Notation is
lacking on fols. – (‘Congaudent angelorum
chori ... supplici implorans maria’), –
(‘legis sacre peruersores ... gloriantur beatorum anime. Amen’),
– (‘
De sancto
Michaele
. Laus erumpat ex affectu ... sic erunt ordinum distincte’), and
–r, (‘ipsi dicens in apocalipsi ... de
fonte deitatis satiemur plenius’).On fol. –v the original hand (although it changes from
Semitextualis to a Hybrida of
saec.
XVI
on fol. ) added ‘A luporum faucibus et mortis ruina
... ad pastum bonum’. Perhaps the same (rather Cursive Hybrida) hand of saec. XVI
also added, under the
notation for sequences for Corpus Christi ‘Lauda sponsa genitricem ... ierarchia
tecum communentium’ for visitatio Mariae
; under those for St
Erik
‘Precursorem summi regis ... regnarum per
secula, Amen’ for St John the Baptist
; and under
those for St Margaret
, ‘Odas in hac die letas ...
transfer ad palacia’ for St Catherine
. There are Lutheran changes to the words of
Ave preclara maris
stella
on (‘Christus decus mundi rex regnorum’ for
‘Virgo decus mundi regina celi’)On , a hand of of
saec. XVII
has added, under ’[D]ies irae dies illa’ parts of the
translation ‘Sanoi pietar domio päiwän wihan’ (after Hemmingius Henrici
of Masku’s Yxi Vähä
Suomenkielinen Virsikirja
1605(?)
(1614
according to Kurvinen 1929, 380
) (see scattered
interlinear markings also on fols. , ).Paper
194 fols.
19cm × 27,5cm (13-16cm × 18,5-24,5cm)
19cm × 27,5cm (13-16cm × 18,5-24,5cm)
Modern foliation in pencil in the upper-right-hand corners of
recto-sides.
The openings (on fols. 1–125) of part I have been numbered
(from d I (–XII) to o V, which is the last marking visible, although the
numbering has probably extended to o XI – fol. 131). The numbering does not
reflect the structure of the manuscript, but indicates that there are 36 folia
missing from its beginning. The remains of six of these (five whole leaves and
the upper-inner corner of a sixth) are bound in at the beginning of Helsinki,
National Library, Aö II 29, in the order b iiii, b viii, b vii, b vi, b v. These
all come from the lost beginning of the book.
IV
8
+ II12
+
2VI36
+ IV44
+ V54
+ (IV–1)61
+ 2V81
+ VI93
+ I95
+ V105
+ 1 + VI118
+ (IV–1)125
+ II127
+ (V–1)134
; III140
; V150
+ (XI–1)171
+ (VI–1)182
+ II186
+ 2 + III194
>
In addition to the loss of folia from the beginning of the book, the
final eight folia of the manuscript have been bound in reverse order and partly
upside down: fols. 188–194 are upside down and read continuously from 194v to
188r. They are then followed by fol. 187, which is thus the final extant folio
of pt. III.
The manuscript is a compilation made up of three parts: to
part I (fols. 1–134) leaves (a–f) from
Helsinki, National
Library, Aö.II.29
must be added. Part II consists of a sole quire (fols.
135–140) and part III of fols. 141–194. The manuscript is in fairly good
condition, aside from some staining (especially pronounced on fol. 1 and fol.
141) and some water damage. Some of the folia have been repaired with paper (the
leaves in Aö.II.29 especially heavily). The paper used by the other of the two
scribes of part I (see below) is clearly of different quality from that used
exclusively by the other scribe: the former is thicker, but it the ink has
leached through it more easily than on the latter.The proposed date is based on the watermarks in the manuscript (for preliminary
observations see already
Keskiaho 2008b, 328 n. 31
). The oldest of
the identified watermarks occur in part III (fols. 183 and 185; probably
identical with 183, 185 (PO 108213
: Tallinn 1524
) and only there. All of the other identified watermarks in the
manuscript (including part II) date from between 1534 and 1543
(the watermark on fols. [a], [d],
[e], 63, 65, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 192, 190 and
189 is probably identical with PO 125963
: Rügenwalde 1534; that on
fols. 2, 4, 6, 8, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38,41, 42, 131, 132, 141 144, 146,
148, 149, 151, 154, 156, 159, 160, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 172, 173, 177, 179
and 181 with PO 1557379
: Hapsal 1534; that on fols. 45, 48, 50, 52,
53, 55, 57, 59, 61 and 95 with PO 154549
: Braunschweig 1543; that
on fols. 135, 136 and 138 with PO 154802
: Ronneburg, 1536).
Unfortunately it has not been possible to date the paper used exclusively by
Scribe B in part I (fols. 9, 10, 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 96, 99, 100, 103,
104, 107, 109, 111, 113, 115 and 117, a majuscule Y with a downturned
leaf-motif in its curved stem
; cf. PO 30126; 30060
;
in addition the watermark on fols. 120, 123, 124, 126, 129 and 134, a
crown with a bow with pearls and crosses
, remains
unidentified). Thus while it seems that part III may be slightly older than the
folia copied by Scribe A in part I, it is not possible to ascertain whether
Scribe B worked on part I before, together with, or after Scribe
A.text and notation in one column, on 7–9 lines
In pt. I there are two main hands writing Gothic Semitextualis and Hybrida (A,
Semitextualis: fols. [a–f], –, –, –, and –v; Hybrida: fols.
–
36bv
, –, and –; and B, Hybrida: fols. –, –,
–). A somewhat later hand has filled in or embellished passages written by
Scribe A (see fols. –, –). The Textualis of Scribe A is close to the
script of the so-called Naantali-group of manuscripts (Keskiaho 2008b,
327–330, 340
).In pt. II there is one main hand, writing
saec.
XVI
Cursive. The same hand copied hymns on the blank final pages of part
I.In pt. III there is one main hand, most probably the same as Scribe A of part I,
writing Gothic Textualis (in the ) and
Semitextualis. Probably the same scribe of
ordinarium missae
saec.
XVI
entered additions on several folia in Hybrida.I: Music has been copied in square notation on five red lines. II: Square
notes on four black lines. III: Square notes on four lines (red on fols. –,
black on fols. –).
In pts. I and II red painted lombards for the beginnings of feasts (and
at times shorter units within a feast), pen-drawn initials decorated with red and
black diamond shapes and sawteeth and spikes. Pages copied by Scribe A have
decoration in the style of the so-called Naantali-group of manuscripts (on this
Keskiaho 2008b, 333–335
), while the decoration of passages copied
by Scribe B (and probably also decorated with him) are best characterized as an
informal imitation of the style of the former. Also the most minor initials have
been touched with red, and there is consistent rubrication throughout. Only in pt.
III have the pen-drawn initials been left uncoloured and lombards and rubrics
unexecuted on fols. , , – and –. Part II is completely
monochromatic: there are spaces for the highest grade initials, but these have not
been executed. There are crude Gothic pen-drawn initials for the beginnings of
hymns, but these have not been coloured.A
19th-century
quarter-leather binding in very bad shape. The back cover is
detached, and the binding is loose at places. When last bound, the leaves were
aggressively trimmed.>
Part III, probably copied in the
1530s
, may be the oldest of the constituent parts of the present
manuscript; in any case it was probably bound separately from the other parts for
some time, to judge by the dirt on its first folio. Part I was created probably by
the same scribe as part III, and another scribe who either worked in concert with
him or (more probably) worked before or after the first scribe (this would explain
his use of paper from different stock, and why he does not more closely follow the
style of Scribe B). If Scribe B worked before Scribe A, then his portions of the
present manuscript are likely older than part III. Given the stylistic
affinities of Scribe A’s work with the so-called Naantali-group of manuscripts, he
may have been an elderly member of the group that produced those manuscripts in the
late fifteenth century
, or (more probably)
copied an exemplar produced by that group (for if the original group was in fact
connected with the Birgittine house of Naantali
, the omission
in the present manuscript of the feast of St Birgitta
would be very odd indeed). Given that Scribe A (and probably
also Scribe B) worked after the beginning of the reformation, his work was highly
conservative, both in content and in style. Not necessarily long after part I
was finished, Lutheran hymns were copied on its blank final leaves, at least one
quire (probably at least two) attached to it, and a small gradual was copied on
these leaves, forming part II of the present manuscript. The copy of
from
Michael Agricola
’s sequence translation in part II must
postdate its publication in print in 1544
, but the
independence of the ordinarium missae
Een liten sångbook
suggests that it was not copied much after the
publication of the latter in 1553
.In the
nineteenth century
the two
books (parts I+II and III) were found in Ilmajoki
church and probably rebound at
that time. They were both in bad shape: the last quire(s) of part II were missing,
and much of the beginning of part I. The original missing leaves from the beginning
of part one were eventually bound in another book from Ilmajoki
, perhaps because
they had at some point been placed inside it for preservation. At this stage part
III, which was also probably in bad shape, to judge by the fact that its last quire
has been bound upside down, was united with parts I and II to form the present
manuscript.Cataloguer
Jesse Keskiaho
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
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