Nimeke
Helsinki, National Library, C.III.19. Codex Westh
Kuvaus
Lutheran manuale, missale and other
liturgical and pastoral materials in Finnish and
Swedish.
liturgical and pastoral materials in Finnish and
Swedish.
Julkaisija
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Aikamääre
1533; 1550-1599
Saec. XVI 2/3 (c. 1546); Saec. XVI 2/2 (1550-1599)
Oikeudet
Images:
To the extent possible under law, the person who associated CC0 with this work has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work.
Formaatti
Paper
Kieli
Finnish
Swedish
Identifiointitunnus
Helsinki
National Library
C.III.19
National Library
C.III.19
Kattavuus
Rauma
Helsinki, National Library, C.III.19. Codex Westh
Saec. XVI 2/3 (c. 1546)
; saec. XVI
;
2
(?)Rauma
(prov. Vehmaa
)Lutheran manuale
, missale
and other
liturgical and pastoral materials
in Finnish
and
Swedish
.Fol. [0]r
, mostly blank staves (2×4) and text that has been later
struck over: ‘Herre fforb
Herra Herra Armahdha cule
meitä’A hand of
saec.
XIX
, in ink, has added ’Finsk messa och handbok’, and, in a slightly
younger hand over this title: ‘Käsikirja 1546’.
[H]erre forbarma tigh ...
...
De dominicis diebus cantus
... ... Jn tempore paschali
... Gudz fadrens
herligheet. Amen.Fols.
–, in
sequentiarium
Finnish
, unfinished; from
, ‘miehudhen otti ia’, only blank
staves. [
Sancti spiritus
assit
] Pyhän henghen armo ... ... In
Crastino Pentecosten Sequentia
[Veni sancte spiritus et
emitte
]. Twle Pyhä hengi tänn ... ... De creatione lapsu seu De Redemptione hominis
. Jnhimisen
wiheläitzydhest tuleu ... ... De die
Ascensionis Domini Sequentia
[Rex omnipotens
]
CAickiualdias kuningas tänäpäiuän ... ... (in a different
hand:) Laetabundus
] Caicki christitytt iloitzeuat ...
... (in another hand:) [Victimae paschali
laudes
] Päsiäisen kijtos vffria ... [Victimae paschali laudes
, another translation] Jesus Christus ombi ollut
... ... [Versus
] Christus nous yles
on ylesnosnu ... Iumalal kijtost veisatkam
kyrieleijson., title-page.
Käsikirja, josa castesta ja muista christilisistä cappaleista
\toimitetan/ caickein kyllen, mutta erinomaisesti kircon esimiesten tarpelinen.
Suomen kielen vlgos pandu, Anno domini
[and the
letters MMW surrounding the title anticlockwise]. 1546
,
register.
Registeri eli osotus
. 1 Castesta bladhisa 1 ... 9 Messu
Suomen kielen 48.Castesta
. Ensin kysyken pappi ...
Avioskeskyn Säty, quinga ylkä ia morssian ychten annetan ia
uichijten
... ... Coska waimo
kijrkon jodhatetan otetan lapsen ialkeen nijn pitäy tämän ruckouxen
luetaman
... ... Qwinga sairahita
etzitähän opetetan ja tarpet annetahan
...
Ennen quin Rumis ulgos cardanolt kannetan
...
Qvinga Rumis haudhatan
...
Quinga nijnnen cansa pita techtaman
Jotca hwkatan ...
... ia eij ansaittuta colemata, nin quin
Röffuäri.Letaniae Eli julkiset ruckouxet
. Kyrie eleijson Herra
armadha ... ... Hänen laupiuxensa on ijancaickinen.
Ruckoilkam. O Herra Jumala taiualinen Jsä ...
... Alia oratio
...
... Alia oratio pro pace
... Kijtos
olkon Jumala ijancaickisesta, Amen. τέλος.Messu somen kielen pidhetän tällä taualla
. Ensin coska
pappi ja cansa ... Nimen Jsän Ja Poian ia Pyhän Hengen, Amen. Loppu.Fols.
–, originally blank. A dismissal, a hymn
(after
Martin Luther
’s Verleih uns Friden gnädiglich
), two antiphons and a prayer (the last item
not notated) in Finnish
have been added (in one or two different
hands, on separate occasions). Täsä oletta tö nyt ...
Mengättä Jumalan Rawhan, Amen. Suo Jumala meille laupiasti, rauha ... sine ainoa
Herra. O Herra Jumala ... pacanaitten pällä. Anna meille rawha ...
... wärintekoinna ielken. Rukoilkam. Caickiwaldias Jumala
ia ... Saman sinun racas etc.
De Sancto Spiritu
. H[erra armadha] ...
... In Summis Festis
... ... In Festis Duplicibus
...
In Festis Paschalibus
... ... jsän
Jumalan kirckaudes
\herraudhes/, Amen. [
Clementissime Domine
] Caickein laupiain Herra Jesu ... meidhen synneisten
pällen, etc.Fols. –, three
introitus
-chants, for Trinity and the feasts of the Holy
Cross and All Saints, in Finnish
.Tässä Noudhatteleu Monicahdhoij Jntroituxia Se on Mesun alku
weisuija Ensin De Trinitate offitium
. Hyuesti siugnattu olkon ...
Aliud offitium De cruce
...
Jn Aliud Gaudeamus etc
. ... caunihisti kiittämän,
Cwnnia.Fol. 100
is blank.Fols.
–, (an
anonymous
Urbanus
Rhegius
, Sieluin vahuistos
Finnish translation
of Seelenn ärtzney
für gesund und und krancken zu diesen gefährlichen zeyten
,
1529
, probably from the Swedish
translation Sielens tröst
).Sieluin vachuistos lohutos ia läkitys aina kyllän keluolinen,
mutta caicken enimmän cooleman tuskas
. Rumilinen sairaus ia se rumilinen
cvolema ... mutta anna sinun cansas ijancaickisesti elä, Amen.Fols.
–, the hymn
Serua
deus
and its Swedish translation Bevara oss Gudh
(after Luther’s Erhalt uns, Herr, bei deinem Wort
);
notated. Serua Deus uerbum tuum ...
... arbiter victorie et bellipotens.
Beuara oss Gudh ... Lätt see tin macht O Herre.
Fol. is
blank.
(
Christe qui
lux es et dies
, selection, without notation:) Etteij rascas vnhi vputtais
... pyhäsa hengess Eläpi, Amen. Versi
: Ketke meite Herra
... (Salua nos Domine uigilantes
:) Awta meite herra
waluoisamme ... (O Rex gloriose
) O
Kunnian Kuningas sinun pyheis seas ... Waluo herra rakas
Taiualinen Jsä ... Jtem
Cule meitä pyhä herra ... Jtem
Etzittele Herra Laupias ... Resp
. Jumalan olkon kijtos ia cunnia ... Salue
[Regina
]. Terue Jesu Laupiudhen kuningas ...
Prosae
[Virgo mater ecclesiae
]. Sinä
Kriste, seuracunnan pä ... ... Ruckoilkam
. O Herra Jesu Christe ... [Nos qui vivimus
] Me quin eläme aina me kitäkäm Herra. (Ps.
114, only the first verse notated:) Cosca Jsraelin canssa ... (Ps. 115) Ej meille
Herra eij meille Herra ... ... testäaighasta nin
ijancaickisen. Cunnia olcon Jsän ja Poijan ... ia ijancaickisesta ijancaickisehen
Amen. Tigh ware loff och prijs ... heligh hån
siunger tigh.
Fol. is empty.
Qui longa febre conflictatur, utatur succo ansintij saccaro
temperato, statim leuabitur. Contra febres
. Tagh 1 lods eller ... Thz
hielper väll emott skelffuan.’, notes on debts in
Swedish.
Item til minnelse at iag haffuer giffuit
til lucas olleff anno dominij 47 ... födhe iagh hond 3 oor.
Fol.
is empty.
Fol. , the
Credo
-hymn Wij
troo
in Finnish
(Martin Luther
’s Wir glauben all an einen
Gott
, translated from Olaus Petri
’s
Swedish Uij tro uppå alzmechtig gud
of 1530
;
Kurvinen 1929, 254
), without notation.Wij troo
. Me vskoma iumalan pale ... iumalan valdacunnassa,
Amen is blank.
, the
hymn
Ny rukkoilkam sitä Pyhää Henkiä
in Finnish (Martin Luther
’s Nun bitten wir den
Heiligen Geist
, from Olaus Petri
’s Nw bidie wij then helga and
of 1536
;
Kurvinen 1929, 254
), without notation.
Ny ruckolcam sitä pyhä Hengiä ... olen silloin Herra meidhen cansan
Kyrieleison.
, notes on debts in
Swedish.
Debita Mathiae Pnsa
[?]. Michael wasarais ... aff [g]amalt
silffuer, en belte., ownership marks,
probationes pennae
, and a will.The will ‘
Anne Tykis
[?] Til S. Katerine Capel vax ... kirkioherren j
mark[?] denarii[?]’.The contents of the book are exhaustively transcribed
and discussed in
Häkkinen (2012)
and Tuppurainen
(2012)
.Paper
143+3 fols.
13,5cm × 18cm (11-12cm × 7,5-15,5cm)
13,5cm × 18cm (11-12cm × 7,5-15,5cm)
Original foliation (1–62, cf. the register on fol. ) in ink near the
upper right-hand corner of the written area on fols. –. Modern foliation in
pencil in the upper right-hand corners of recto sides skips the first folio ([0])
of the manuscript, so that the first quire consists of one unnumbered folio and
the first six numbered folia. Fols. , and have been marked, in a hand of
saec.
XIX
, in the upper right-hand corner, ’30, ‘40’ and ‘50’, respectively; this
is possibly related to the rebinding of the book.2
[a–b]
+ (IV–1)6
+ 2II14
+ 14IV126
+
(IV–1)133
+ IV141
+
I143
+ 1[c]
. The manuscript is in fairly good shape, with some staining to the
leaves. Leaves towards the end and beginning of the book have understandably
sustained some more wear; they have been extensively restored (esp. fols.
142–143).
Pirinen (1962, 93)
dated the manuscript in the second half
of the 1540’s based on his identification of the watermark found on
fols. [A] and 1–132 with Briquet’s no. 10972
. Maria Kallio has recently
re-examined the watermarks and concluded that they cannot in fact be identified
any catalogued watermarks (2012, 17–18; on the structure of the codex also at
15–16).Several (5–8?) hands writing varieties of Gothic Cursive and Hybrida. Textualis
(with parts in Hybrida) used for (most) rubrics in the
manual
and missal
(see
fols. , , , , , , , cf. ), which appears to
be the work of one scribe, possibly Mathias Westh
himself. Kallio suggests that the same hand writes on fols. 134–136, 141,
143, and with a couple of other hands on fols. –
(cf. Kallio 2012, 18–26
). Judging by the script, fols. –,
– may have been copied somewhat later than the manual-missal; the
notation on five lines on fols. – may also suggest this (see
Tuppurainen 2012, 89
).Monochromatic pen-drawn lombards or gothic versals of varying quality used for the
initials of chants, rubrics distinguished by script if at all. The only use of
colour is found on fol. , where a part of the baptismal formula has been copied
in badly faded red ink.
A
nineteenth-century
quarter leather binding of
cardboard. The front cover has the University Library’s stamp in gold, with the
legend ‘Otium sapientiae, 1761’ (the year is not related to the date of the
binding). The covers are worn and detached from the binding; the legend in gold on
the back of the cover, ‘Käsikirja 1546’, has been rendered illegible. The manuscript
has been separated from the printed Manual and Mass of 1541 in the 19th century (see
the notice on fol. [b]v). Fols. [a–c] have probably been added on this occasion.
A liturgical miscellany prepared perhaps for the personal use of
Mathias Westh
, probably to a large extent by himself. The
manual-missal (fols. –) has clearly formed a self-contained unit,
but its relation with the other parts of the codex is harder to judge. Some of the
other hands may be somewhat later, but it seems that Urbanus
Rhegius
’s text has been copied by the main scribe of the manual-missal in
collaboration with one or two other scribes. Kallio suggests that Westh
had some of his students assist him in copying
(Kallio 2012, 27
). Some time after Westh’s death in 1549
the book found its way from Rauma
to the nearby
Vehmaa
church, where it was preserved but
apparently little used, until it was taken, probably in the nineteenth century, to
Helsinki
and what is now the National Library of Finland
. The title page of the manual-missal (fol. ) has the initials M(M)W and the date
1546
. The list of debts on fol. contains the date [15]47
. The
ownership markings on fol. (both struck over: ‘Mathiae Joannis westh Codex’ and
‘Mathie Johannis Codex’) probably identify the man behind the initials on fol. :
the chaplain and schoolmaster of Rauma, Mathias
Westh
(d. 1549
). The persons named in the list of debts on
fol. lived in the area of Rauma (see Kallio 2012, 12
). The
manuscript has previously been bound together with a copy of the Swedish Manual and
Mass
of 1541, which has also belonged to Mathias Westh
(initials MW on the first
folio).
In addition, the printed book carries the ownership mark of Vehmaa church
. It (and thus the present manuscript
which accompanied it) is found in the surviving seventeenth-century
inventories of Vehmaa church, but not in the
nineteenth-century list, maintained between 1837 and
1875
.The manuscript has been rebound for what is now the
National Library
of Finland
between 1829 and 1866
. It may have been brought
to the library by students gathering antiquities for the Finnish Literature Society
(Kallio 2012, 13
). Inside the front cover, on fol. [a]r
, fol.
[c]v
, and inside the back cover there are (three different) blue stamps of
the University Library (Manuscript department). The shelfmark, ‘C.III.19’, has been
written in pencil on fol. [c]v
and inside the back cover.
Cataloguer
Jesse Keskiaho
Finnish Literature Society (SKS)
Codices Fennici
Creative Commons BY
4.0